Bromine-77 (77Br) the other bromine isotope with potential interest due to the favorable chemistry, is not better than 76Br: half-life: 57.03 hours; positron emitter at 239 keV (23%) and 521 keV (22.4%), but also beta emitter at 1,365 keV (48%), 844 keV (18.6%) and 1,126 keV (15.3%). It decays into… Continue Reading…
Antimony-119 (half-life 38.19 h) is a pure Auger electron emitter (100% at 570 keV of a cascade of 23-24 low energy high LET electrons) with a small gamma emission (16%) at 24 keV which decays in stable Tin-119 (119Sn). This gives to this radionuclide an ideal profile as a candidate… Continue Reading…
Properties: Xenon-127 (127Xe) is a radionuclide with a half-life of 36.4 days emitting gammas (203 keV, 68%; 172 keV, 26%; 375 keV, 17%) and betas (460 keV, 52.7% and 287 keV, 47.3%) and decaying into stable 127I. It is used in the gas form only. Manufacturing: 127Xe can be produced… Continue Reading…
Properties: Tin-117m (117mSn) is both a gamma (SPECT) emitter with a photon at 159 keV (86%) and a therapeutic radionuclide through conversion electrons at about 140 keV with a range below 300 µm in tissue. It is also a conversion electron emitter. 117mSn has a half-life of 13.6 days and… Continue Reading…
Properties: Xenon-133 (133Xe) is a beta emitter at 346 keV (95%) with a half-life of 5.24 days. It is available only as a gas form or a gas dissolved in saline. Manufacturing: Xenon-133 is a by-product of the thermal neutron-induced fission of Uranium-235 [235U(n,f)133Xe] that at the same time leads to… Continue Reading…
Yttrium-86 (86Y) is a radioactive isotope of yttrium, a rare earth metal. It has a half-life of 14.74 hours and decays by emitting positrons, which are positively charged electrons. This decay process is known as beta-plus decay. 86Y is commonly used in medical imaging applications, particularly in positron emission tomography… Continue Reading…
Properties: Thorium-228 (once called radiothorium due to its occurrence in the disintegration chain of Thorium-232) is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 1.91 years that decays into 224Ra (half- life 3.66 d; α, 100% at 5,520 keV). Toxicity: Unbound 228Th accumulates in bones Manufacturing: 228Th is obtained by separation… Continue Reading…
Properties: Thorium-227 (once called Radioactinium) is an alpha emitter with a half-life of 18.7 days that decays into 223Ra (half-life 11.4 d; α, 76% at 6,336 keV and 23% at 6,234 keV; γ, 3% at 111 keV). In other words, 227Th is the parent isotope of the radionuclide used for… Continue Reading…
Properties: Iodine-125 (125I) is a gamma emitter at 35.5 keV (7%) with a half-life of 59.4 days. It also decays through an internally conversion process (93%) with emissions at 27.0 keV (113%) and 31.0 keV (26%). The mean therapeutic path length is 10 nm. Tenth value layer (TVL) is 8.3… Continue Reading…
Properties: Iodine-124 (124I) is a long half-life PET imaging radionuclide that can be covalently bound to any organic vector. It decays into stable 124Te with a half-life of 4.18 days with main energies at 2,557 keV (25.1%, ec), 3,160 (24.1%, ec), 1,535 (11.7%, β+), 866 (11.4%, ec) and 2,146 (10.8%,… Continue Reading…
Its nuclear properties are also almost ideal for SPECT studies. In parallel, the radionuclide 123I is a halogen and thus a very useful analog label for creating radiotracers. Properties:Iodine 123 (123I) is a SPECT radionuclide with a half-life of 13.22 hours. It emits its gamma (γ) at 159 keV (83%)… Continue Reading…
Indium-111 is a radioactive isotope of the element indium with a half-life of approximately 2.8 days. It is commonly used in nuclear medicine for imaging and targeted therapy applications. Indium-111 is typically produced in a nuclear reactor by irradiating cadmium-111 with neutrons, resulting in the formation of indium-111 through the… Continue Reading…